All about Sunspots

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The pigment that gives skin its color is melanin, which is produced in the outer layer of skin- the epidermis. Sunspots are areas of the skin where excess pigment has been released as a natural defense mechanism against exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet light. Sunspots are usually flat and irregular in shape and appear several shades darker than your natural skin tone. They can appear on your hands, chest, back and even feet.

Sunspots are common in people with darker complexions or those people whose tan easily. They are signs of cumulative sun damage that appear as we age. Sunspots can become cancerous. There is no way to predict which sunspots will become cancerous. A dermatologist should conduct a full-body exam every year. Danger signs can include change in color or texture of the sunspots. Consistent follow up can help identify and remove any lesions if needed.

The appearance of sunspots can be minimized with a skin-lightening cream. Tri-Luma is a prescription medication which contains the lightening agent hydroquinone which takes three to four weeks. There are also over the counter products which contain 2% or less hydroquinone or other lightening agents. They take longer to work but are gentler on the skin.

A dermatologist can also perform laser treatment on sunspots. Laser directs a beam of concentrated light at the sunspot which causes laser energy to be absorbed by melanin in the skin. The sunspot will develop a thin scab, and then it will slowly fade. Usually only one treatment, at a cost of approximately $150, is needed. There is however a possible side effect from laser treatment which is that the sunspot may become even darker. This is seen in rare cases only.

To help minimize sunspots and prevent new sunspots, you should always wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen. It should have a SPF of at least 15 and the ingredients zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and/or avobenzone, which all block the sun’s UVA and UVB rays. Unprotected sun exposure can cause sunspots to reappear or get darker.

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